Genus Parechovirus

Genus Parechovirus presently comprises 6 species:

Parechovirus A, 19 types (human parechovirus-1 to -19)
Parechovirus B, 6 types (Ljungan virus-1 to -6)
Parechovirus C, 1 type (Sebokele virus)
Parechovirus D, 1 type (ferret parechovirus)
Parechovirus E, 1 type (falcon parechovirus)
Parechovirus F, 1 type (gecko parechovirus)

Genome layout:

Parechovirus A: VPg-5'UTRIRES[1AB-1C-1D/2AH-box/NC-2B-2Chel/3A- 3BVPg-3Cpro-3Dpol]3'UTR-poly(A)
Parechovirus B: VPg-5'UTRIRES[1AB-1C-1D/2A1npgp-2A2H-box/NC-2B-2Chel/3A- 3BVPg-3Cpro-3Dpol]3'UTR-poly(A)
Parechovirus C: VPg-5'UTRIRES[1AB-1C-1D/2A1npgp-2A2H-box/NC-2B-2Chel/3A- 3BVPg-3Cpro-3Dpol]3'UTR-poly(A)
Parechovirus D: VPg-5'UTRIRES[1AB-1C-1D/2A1npgp-2A2H-box/NC-2B-2Chel/3A- 3BVPg-3Cpro-3Dpol]3'UTR-poly(A)
Parechovirus E: VPg-5'UTRIRES[1AB-1C-1D/2A1npgp-2A2npgp-2A3H-box/NC>-2B-2Chel/3A- 3BVPg-3Cpro-3Dpol]3'UTR-poly(A)
Parechovirus F: VPg-5'UTRIRES[1AB-1C-1D/2A1npgp-2A2H-box/NC-2B-2Chel/3A- 3BVPg-3Cpro-3Dpol]3'UTR-poly(A)

This compilation is not comprehensive. There are more than 5950 GenBank entries (as of 21 June 2019) !

Species

Type

Strain

Length

Acc. No.

Reference

Parechovirus A

HPeV-1

human parechovirus 1 strain Harris

7339 nt

S45208

Hyypiä et al. 1992. A distinct picornavirus group identified by sequence analysis. PNAS 89 (18):8847-8851.

NC_038319

Hyypiä et al. 1992. A distinct picornavirus group identified by sequence analysis. PNAS 89 (18):8847-8851.

L02971

Hyypiä et al. 1992. A distinct picornavirus group identified by sequence analysis. PNAS 89 (18):8847-8851.

human parechovirus 1 strain BNI-788St

7355 nt

HM996978

de Souza Luna et al. 2008. Identification of a contemporary human parechovirus type 1 by VIDISCA and characterisation of its full genome. Virol. J. 5:26.

human parechovirus 1 strain 7555312

7380 nt

FM178558

Zoll et al. 2009. Identification of potential recombination breakpoints in human parechoviruses. J. Virol. 83 (7):3379-3383.

human parechovirus 1 strain PicoBank/HPeV1/a virus p123

7296 nt

FM242866

Williams et al. 2009. Evolution and conservation in human parechovirus genomes. J. Gen. Virol. 90 (PT 7):1702-1712.

human parechovirus 1 strain SH1

7314 nt

FJ840477

Shan et al. 2009. The first detection of human parechovirus infections in China. J. Clin. Virol. 45 (4):371-372.

human parechovirus 1 strain BR/21/2006

6928 nt

HQ696570

Drexler et al. 2011. Full genome sequence analysis of parechoviruses from Brazil reveals geographical patterns in the evolution of non-structural genes and intratypic recombination in the capsid region. J. Gen. Virol. 92 (PT 3):564-571.

human parechovirus 1 strain BR/27/2006

6924 nt

HQ696571

Drexler et al. 2011. Full genome sequence analysis of parechoviruses from Brazil reveals geographical patterns in the evolution of non-structural genes and intratypic recombination in the capsid region. J. Gen. Virol. 92 (PT 3):564-571.

human parechovirus 1 strain BR/30/2006

6920 nt

HQ696572

Drexler et al. 2011. Full genome sequence analysis of parechoviruses from Brazil reveals geographical patterns in the evolution of non-structural genes and intratypic recombination in the capsid region. J. Gen. Virol. 92 (PT 3):564-571.

human parechovirus 1 strain BR/114/2006

6917 nt

HQ696573

Drexler et al. 2011. Full genome sequence analysis of parechoviruses from Brazil reveals geographical patterns in the evolution of non-structural genes and intratypic recombination in the capsid region. J. Gen. Virol. 92 (PT 3):564-571.

human parechovirus 1 strain BR/145/2006

6921 nt

HQ696574

Drexler et al. 2011. Full genome sequence analysis of parechoviruses from Brazil reveals geographical patterns in the evolution of non-structural genes and intratypic recombination in the capsid region. J. Gen. Virol. 92 (PT 3):564-571.

human parechovirus 1 strain SH401

7319 nt

JX441355

Wang et al. 2012. Complete genome sequence of a novel human parechovirus. J. Virol. 86 (21):11945-11946.

human parechovirus 1 strain CAU10-NN

7348 nt

JX575746

Kim et al. Unpublished.

human parechovirus 1 strain MX/Cuernavaca

7217 nt

KJ152442

Wilson et al. 2014. Actionable diagnosis of neuroleptospirosis by next-generation sequencing. N. Engl. J. Med. 370 (25):2408-2417.

human parechovirus 1 strain TW-00010-2010

6540 nt (polyprotein)

KY460516

Gong et al. 2017 A metagenomics study for the identification of respiratory viruses in mixed clinical specimens: an application of the iterative mapping approach. Arch. Virol. 162 (7):2003-2012.

HPeV-2

human parechovirus 2 strain Williamson (Ohio/56)

7348 nt

AJ005695

Ghazi et al. 1998. Molecular analysis of human parechovirus type 2 (formerly echovirus 23). J. Gen. Virol. 79 (PT 11):2641-2650.

human parechovirus 2 strain LPZ04-2008

7249 nt

HM996978

Pietsch et al. Unpublished.

HPeV-3

human parechovirus 3 strain A308/99

7321 nt

AB084913

Ito et al. 2004. Isolation and identification of a novel human parechovirus. J. Gen. Virol. 85 (PT 2):391-398.

human parechovirus 3 strain 6516899

7294 nt

GQ183029

Benschop et al. 2010. Comprehensive full-length sequence analyses of human parechoviruses: diversity and recombination. J. Gen. Virol. 91 (PT 1):145-154.

human parechovirus 3 strain Can82853-01

7322 nt

GQ183029

Abed & Boivin. 2006. Molecular characterization of a Canadian human parechovirus (HPeV)-3 isolate and its relationship to other HPeVs. J. Med. Virol. 77 (4):566-570.

human parechovirus 3 strain Bonn-1

7278 nt

JX682576

Eis-Hübinger et al. 2012. Two Cases of Sepsis-Like Illness in Infants by Human Parechovirus Traced Back to Elder Siblings with Mild Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Symptoms. J. Clin. Microbiol. 51 (2):715-718.

human parechovirus 3 strain Bonn-2

7153 nt

JX826607

Eis-Hübinger et al. 2012. Two Cases of Sepsis-Like Illness in Infants by Human Parechovirus Traced Back to Elder Siblings with Mild Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Symptoms. J. Clin. Microbiol. 51 (2):715-718.

human parechovirus 3 strain VGHKS-2007

7349 nt

KM986843

Chang et al. Unpublished.

human parechovirus 3 strain GL-Cons-comb-SA1-2015

7334 nt

KY020128

Nelson et al. 2017. An outbreak of severe infections among Australian infants caused by a novel recombinant strain of human parechovirus type 3. Sci Rep 7:44423.

HPeV-4

human parechovirus 4 strain K251176-02

7366 nt

DQ315670

Benschop et al. 2006. Fourth human parechovirus serotype. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12 (10):1572-1575.

human parechovirus 4 strain T75-4077

7350 nt

AM235750

Al-Sunaidi et al. 2007. Analysis of a new human parechovirus allows the definition of parechovirus types and the identification of RNA structural domains. J. Virol. 81 (2):1013-1021.

human parechovirus 4 strain Fuk2005-123

7349 nt

AB433629

Wakatsuko et al. 2008. Identification and characterization of two strains of human parechovirus 4 isolated from two clinical cases in fukuoka city, Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (9):3144-3146.

human parechovirus 4 strain Fuk2001-282

2328 nt (P1par)

AB433630

Wakatsuko et al. 2008. Identification and characterization of two strains of human parechovirus 4 isolated from two clinical cases in fukuoka city, Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (9):3144-3146.

human parechovirus 4 strain R12644/1999/HUN

3046 nt (P1)

GU125397

Boros et al. 2010. IDetection and characterization of human parechoviruses in archived cell cultures, in Hungary. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47 (4):379-381.

human parechovirus 4 strain R15492/1999/HUN

3046 nt (P1)

GU125398

Boros et al. 2010. IDetection and characterization of human parechoviruses in archived cell cultures, in Hungary. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47 (4):379-381.

HPeV-5

human parechovirus 5 strain BR/53/2006

7348 nt

HQ696575

Drexler et al. 2011. Full genome sequence analysis of parechoviruses from Brazil reveals geographical patterns in the evolution of non-structural genes and intratypic recombination in the capsid region. J. Gen. Virol. 92 (PT 3):564-571.

human parechovirus 5 strain BR/77/2006

7348 nt

HQ696576

Drexler et al. 2011. Full genome sequence analysis of parechoviruses from Brazil reveals geographical patterns in the evolution of non-structural genes and intratypic recombination in the capsid region. J. Gen. Virol. 92 (PT 3):564-571.

human parechovirus 5 strain CT86-6760 (Connecticut/86)

7366 nt

AF055846

Oberste et al. 1998. Complete sequence of echovirus 23 and its relationship to echovirus 22 and other human enteroviruses. Virus Res. 56 (2):217-223.

human parechovirus 5 strain T92-15

7320 nt

AM235749

Al-Sunaidi et al. 2007. Analysis of a new human parechovirus allows the definition of parechovirus types and the identification of RNA structural domains. J. Virol. 81 (2):1013-1021.

human parechovirus 5 strain CH-ZJ1

7298 nt

AM235749

Sun et al. 2012. Complete genome sequence of a novel type of human parechovirus strain reveals natural recombination events. J. Virol. 86 (16):8892-8893.

HPeV-6

human parechovirus 6 strain NII561-2000 (Japan)

7347 nt

AB252582

Watanabe et al. 2007. Isolation and characterization of novel human parechovirus from clinical samples. Emerg. Inf. Dis. 13 (6):889-895.

human parechovirus 6 strain 2005-823

7273 nt

EU077518

de Vries et al. 2008. Human parechovirus type 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 detection in picornavirus cultures. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (2):759-762.

human parechovirus 6 strain BNI-67

7097 nt

EU022171

Baumgarte et al. 2008. Prevalence, types, and RNA concentrations of human parechoviruses, including a sixth parechovirus type, in stool samples from patients with acute enteritis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (1):242-248.

human parechovirus 6 strain SH6

7311 nt

FJ888592

Shan & Hua. Unpublished.

human parechovirus 6 strain BR/104/2006

6928 nt

EU022171

Drexler et al. 2011. Full genome sequence analysis of parechoviruses from Brazil reveals geographical patterns in the evolution of non-structural genes and intratypic recombination in the capsid region. J. Gen. Virol. 92 (PT 3):564-571.

human parechovirus 6 strain AFW

7261 nt

MG462718

Wang et al. Unpublished.

HPeV-7

human parechovirus 7 strain PAK5045

7146 nt

EU556224

Watanabe et al. 2007. Isolation and characterization of novel human parechovirus from clinical samples. Emerg. Inf. Dis. 13 (6):889-895.

HPeV-8

human parechovirus 8 strain BR/217/2006

7353 nt

EU716175

Drexler et al. 2009. Novel human parechovirus from Brazil. Emerg. Inf. Dis. 15 (2):310-313.

HPeV-9

human parechovirus 9 strain BAN2004-10902

681 nt (VP1)

JX219575

Nix et al. 2013. Diversity of picornaviruses in rural Bolivia. J. Gen. Virol. 94 (PT 9):2017-2028.

HPeV-10

human parechovirus 10 strain BAN2004-10903

678 nt (VP1)

JX219568

Nix et al. 2013. Diversity of picornaviruses in rural Bolivia. J. Gen. Virol. 94 (PT 9):2017-2028.

HPeV-11

human parechovirus 11 strain BAN2004-10905

678 nt (VP1)

JX219574

Nix et al. 2013. Diversity of picornaviruses in rural Bolivia. J. Gen. Virol. 94 (PT 9):2017-2028.

HPeV-12

human parechovirus 12 strain BAN2004-10904

678 nt (VP1)

JX219567

Nix et al. 2013. Diversity of picornaviruses in rural Bolivia. J. Gen. Virol. 94 (PT 9):2017-2028.

HPeV-13

human parechovirus 13 strain BAN2004-10901

672 nt (VP1)

JX219579

Nix et al. 2013. Diversity of picornaviruses in rural Bolivia. J. Gen. Virol. 94 (PT 9):2017-2028.

HPeV-14

human parechovirus 14 strain 451564/NL/2004

624 nt (VP1)

FJ373179

Benschop et al. 2008. High prevalence of human parechovirus (HPeV) genotypes in the Amsterdam region and identification of specific HPeV variants by direct genotyping of stool samples. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (12):3965-3970.

HPeV-15

human parechovirus 15 strain BAN-11614

687 nt (VP1)

JX219573

Nix et al. 2013. Diversity of picornaviruses in rural Bolivia. J. Gen. Virol. 94 (PT 9):2017-2028.

HPeV-16

human parechovirus 16 strain BAN-11615

669 nt (VP1)

JX219580

Nix et al. 2013. Diversity of picornaviruses in rural Bolivia. J. Gen. Virol. 94 (PT 9):2017-2028.

HPeV-17

human parechovirus 17 strain M36/CI/2014

7077 nt

KT319121

Veronica et al. 2015. Detection and characterization of enteroviruses and parechoviruses in healthy people living in the South of Cote d'Ivoire. J. Clin. Virol. 71:40-43.

HPeV-18

human parechovirus 18 strain GhanaA06

789 nt (VP1)

KY931658

Graul et al. 2017. High diversity of human parechovirus including novel types in stool samples from Ghanaian children. J. Clin. Virol. 96, 116-119.

human parechovirus 18 strain GhanaA29

792 nt (VP1)

KY931659

Graul et al. 2017. High diversity of human parechovirus including novel types in stool samples from Ghanaian children. J. Clin. Virol. 96, 116-119.

human parechovirus 18 strain GhanaA36

804 nt (VP1)

KY931660

Graul et al. 2017. High diversity of human parechovirus including novel types in stool samples from Ghanaian children. J. Clin. Virol. 96, 116-119.

HPeV-19

human parechovirus 19 strain 17-827

7034 nt

--

Böttcher et al. unpublished.

human parechovirus 19 strain P02-4058

693 nt (VP1)

MH339678

Brouwer et al. Unpublished.

Parechovirus B

LV-1

Ljungan virus 1 strain 87-012

7590 nt

AF327920

Johansson et al. 2002. Molecular analysis of three Ljungan virus isolates reveals a new, close-to-root lineage of the Picornaviridae with a cluster of tow unrelated 2A proteins. J. Virol. 76 (17):8920-8930.

NC_003976

Johansson et al. 2002. Molecular analysis of three Ljungan virus isolates reveals a new, close-to-root lineage of the Picornaviridae with a cluster of tow unrelated 2A proteins. J. Virol. 76 (17):8920-8930.

Ljungan virus 1 strain 87-012G

7635 nt

EF202833

Johansson et al. 2004. Cell culture propagation and biochemical analysis of the Ljungan virus prototype strain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 317 (4):1023-1029.

Ljungan virus 1 strain 174F

7591 nt

AF327921

Johansson et al. 2002. Molecular analysis of three Ljungan virus isolates reveals a new, close-to-root lineage of the Picornaviridae with a cluster of two unrelated 2A proteins. J. Virol. 76 (17):8920-8930.

LV-2

Ljungan virus 2 (Clethrionomys glareolus picornavirus) strain 145SL

7592 nt

AF327922

Johansson et al. 2002. Molecular analysis of three Ljungan virus isolates reveals a new, close-to-root lineage of the Picornaviridae with a cluster of two unrelated 2A proteins. J. Virol. 76 (17):8920-8930.

2118 nt

AF020541

Niklasson et al. 1999. A new picornavirus isolated from bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Virology 255 (1):86-93.

Ljungan virus 2 strain 145SLG

7637 nt

AF020541

Tolf et al. 2009. Identification of amino acid residues of Ljungan virus VP0 and VP1 associated with cytolytic replication in cultured cells. Arch. Virol. 154 (8):1271-1284.

Ljungan virus 2 strain 340

7591 nt

KR045607

Pounder et al. 2015. Genome characterisation of two Ljungan virus isolates from wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in Sweden. Infect. Genet. Evol. 36:156-164.

Ljungan virus 2 strain 342

7593 nt

KR045608

Pounder et al. 2015. Genome characterisation of two Ljungan virus isolates from wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in Sweden. Infect. Genet. Evol. 36:156-164.

LV-3

Ljungan virus 3 strain M1146

7495 nt

AF538689

Johansson et al. 2003. Molecular characterization of M1146, an American isolate of Ljungan virus (LV) reveals the presence of a new LV genotype. J. Gen. Virol. 84 (PT 4):837-844.

LV-4

Ljungan virus 4 strain 64-7855

7436 nt

EU854568

Tolf et al. 2009. Molecular characterization of a novel Ljungan virus (Parechovirus; Picornaviridae) reveals a fourth genotype and indicates ancestral recombination. J. Gen. Virol. 90 (PT 4):843-853.

LV-5

Ljungan virus 5 strain Fuz1/Japan/2014

6603 nt

LC133331

Mitake et al. 2016. Isolation of a sp. nov. Ljungan virus from wild birds in Japan. J. Gen. Virol. 97 (PT 8):1818-1822.

LV-6

Ljungan virus 6 strain RtMrut-PicoV/JL2014-2

7631 nt

KY432929

Wu et al. 2018. Comparative analysis of rodent and small mammal viromes to better understand the wildlife origin of emerging infectious diseases. Microbiome 6 (1), 178.

Parechovirus C

SEBV

Sebokele virus strain An/B/1227/d

7537 nt

HF677705

Joffret et al. 2013. Genomic characterization of Sebokele virus 1 (SEBV1) reveals a new candidate species among the genus Parechovirus. J. Gen. Virol. 94 (PT 7):1547-1553.

NC_021482

Joffret et al. 2013. Genomic characterization of Sebokele virus 1 (SEBV1) reveals a new candidate species among the genus Parechovirus. J. Gen. Virol. 94 (PT 7):1547-1553.

Parechovirus D

FePeV

ferret parechovirus strain ferret/MpPeV1/NL

7066 nt

KF006989

Smits et al. 2013. Metagenomic analysis of the ferret fecal viral flora. PLoS ONE 8 (8):E71595.

NC_034453

Smits et al. 2013. Metagenomic analysis of the ferret fecal viral flora. PLoS ONE 8 (8):E71595.

Parechovirus E

FaPeV

falcon parechovirus
strain falcon/HA18-080/2014/HUN

7964 nt

KF006989

Pankovics et al. 2017. Ljungan/Sebokele-like picornavirus in birds of prey, common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and red-footed falcon (F. vespertinus). Infect. Genet. Evol. 55, 14-19.

NC_035779

Pankovics et al. 2017. Ljungan/Sebokele-like picornavirus in birds of prey, common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and red-footed falcon (F. vespertinus). Infect. Genet. Evol. 55, 14-19.

Parechovirus F

GPeV

gecko parechovirus (Yili Teratoscincus roborowskii picornavirus 2)
strain LPWC210215

7471 nt

MG600084

Shi et al. 2018. The evolutionary history of vertebrate RNA viruses. Nature 556 (7700), 197-202.




top