Jena Picornavirus Page

Compiled by Roland Zell

This is not an official homepage but a display of my personal opinion. Based on the ICTV releases and the Picornaviridae Study Group principles, a compilation of picornavirus sequences is presented which is not comprehensive but representative of the Picornaviridae family.

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV):
The current taxonomy release (2025-release as of March 2026) comprises 10 realms, 11 kingdoms, 22 phyla, 4 subphyla, 50 classes, 105 orders, 14 suborders, 427 families, 232 subfamilies, 4149 genera, 92 subgenera, 17554 species and can be viewed at //ictv.global/taxonomy/.

The Picornaviridae Study Group of the ICTV hosts the "Picornavirus Pages" with valuable information on picornaviruses.

Family Picornaviridae:
Picornaviruses are small (30-32 nm), non-enveloped, icosahedral viruses with positive-strand RNA genomes. The family Picornaviridae presently comprises 5 subfamilies, 68 genera, 159 species plus many unassigned picornaviruses.
Novel picornavirus species and genera are proposed by the Picornaviridae Study Group in a formalised procedure and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Latest revisions (2024) included the renaming of picornavirus species names introducing a binomial nomenclature.

More than 201,000 entries with search term "organism [picornaviridae]" are deposited in GenBank (as of 15 June 2026). Each month more than 1000 new entries are released.

ICTV Report on virus taxonomy:
The online version of the latest ICTV Report (2020-update) can be viewed here.
A citeable open access summary of this chapter is availabe at the homepage of the Journal of General Virology: ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Picornaviridae.

Below is the present picornavirus taxonomy (as of March 2026).

• Subfamily Caphthovirinae (formerly Supergroup 1)

  Genera:

  • 1. Ailurivirus, 1 species
    Species: Ailurivirus agiapa, 1 type: aimelvirus (AiV)-1
  • 2. Aphthovirus, 4 species
    Species: Aphthovirus bogeli, 2 types: bovine rhinitis A virus (BRAV)-1 [formerly bovine rhinovirus 1], BRAV-2 [formerly bovine rhinovirus 3]
    
    Species: Aphthovirus burrowsi, 1 type: equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV)-1 [formerly equine rhinovirus 1]
    
    Species: Aphthovirus redi, 5 types: bovine rhinitis B virus (BRBV)-1 [formerly bovine rhinovirus 2], -2, -3, -4, -5
    
    Species: Aphthovirus vesiculae, 7 types: foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-A, -O, -C, -SAT1, -SAT2, -SAT3, -Asia
  • 3. Bopivirus, 1 species
    Species: Bopivirus abovi, 1 type: bopivirus A1 [bovine picornavirus]
  • 4. Cardiovirus, 6 species
    Species: Cardiovirus dhusarah, 1 type: grey-backed vole cardiovirus
  Species: Cardiovirus ranori, 3 types: Boone cardiovirus (BCV)-1, -2, cardiovirus C3
  
  Species: Cardiovirus rudhira, 1 type: red-backed vole cardiovirus
  
  Species: Cardiovirus rueckerti, 2 types: encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)-1, EMCV-2
  
  Species: Cardiovirus saffoldi, 11 types: Saffold virus (SafV)-1 to -11
  
  Species: Cardiovirus theileri, 5 types: cardiovirus (CaV)-B1 [Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, TMEV], CaV-B2 [Vilyuisk human encephalitis virus, VHEV], CaV-B3, CaV-B4 [theravirus, TRV], CaV-B5
  • 5. Cosavirus, 5 species
    Species: Cosavirus asiani, 24 types: human cosavirus (HCoSV)-A1 to -A24
    
    Species: Cosavirus bepakis, 1 type: HCoSV-B1
    
    Species: Cosavirus depakis, 5 types: HCoSV-D1 to -D5
    
    Species: Cosavirus eaustrali, 1 type: HCoSV-E1
    
    Species: Cosavirus fepakis, 1 type: HCoSV-F1
    
    1 Candidate species to be proposed: HCosV-C1
  • 6. Erbovirus, 1 species
    Species: Erbovirus aequirhi, 3 types: equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV)-1 [formerly equine rhinovirus 2], ERBV-2 [formerly equine rhinovirus 3], ERBV-3 [formerly acid-stable equine picornavirus]
  • 7. Hunnivirus, 1 species
    Species: Hunnivirus amagyari, 9 types: hunnivirus (HuV)-A1 to -A2, -A4 to -A9
  • 8. Malagasivirus, 2 species
    Species: Malagasivirus alphalesa, 1 type: malagasivirus (MalV)-A1 [lesavirus 1]
    
    Species: Malagasivirus betalesa, 1 type: MalV-B1 [lesavirus 2]
  • 9. Marsupivirus, 1 species
    Species: Marsupivirus aburpengari, 1 type: MarV-A1 [Burpengary virus]
  • 10. Mischivirus, 5 species
    Species: Mischivirus acombewi, 1 type: mischivirus (MsV)-A1 [Miniopterus schreibersii picornavirus 1]
    
    Species: Mischivirus beminio, 1 type: MsV-B1
    
    Species: Mischivirus cica, 1 type: MsV-C1 [African bat icavirus]
    
    Species: Mischivirus defoxi, 1 type: MsV-D1 [canine picornavirus]
    
    Species: Mischivirus ehoushre, 1 type: MsV-E1 [Suncus murinus mischivirus]
  • 11. Mosavirus, 2 species
    Species: Mosavirus acanmo, 2 types: mosavirus (MoV)-A1, -A2
    
    Species: Mosavirus betibeti, 1 type: MoV-B1
  • 12. Mupivirus, 1 species
    Species: Mupivirus arati, 2 types: mupivirus (MuV)-A1, -A2
  • 13. Senecavirus, 1 species
    Species: Senecavirus cetus, 1 type: cetean picornavirus 1
    
    Species: Senecavirus valles, 1 type: Seneca Valley virus (SVV)-1
  • 14. Teschovirus, 2 species
    Species: Teschovirus asilesi, 14 types: porcine teschovirus-1 (PTV-1) to -14 [formerly porcine enterovirus 1 to -7, -11, -12]
    
    Species: Teschovirus bishikawa, 3 types: teschovirus B1 to -B3
    2 interspecies recombinants have been described:
    

    teschovirus A15_CP-B_pol,
    teschovirus A16_CP-B_pol
  • 15. Torchivirus, 1 species
    Species: Torchivirus atorpi, 1 type: torchivirus (TXV)-A1 [tortoise picornavirus]
  • 16. Tottorivirus, 1 species
    Species: Tottorivirus asuscro, 1 type: tottorivirus (ToV)-A1 [swine tottorivirus]

• Subfamily Ensavirinae (formerly Supergroup 3)

Genera:

• 17. Anativirus, 2 species
  Species: Anativirus aductai (former species Avian sapelovirus), 1 type: anativirus (AnaV)-A1
  Species: Anativirus biphaco, 2 types: AnaV-B1 [phacovirus], -B2
• 18. Boosepivirus, 3 species
  Species: Boosepivirus atauri, 1 type: boosepivirus (BooV)-A1
  Species: Boosepivirus bebovi, 2 types: BooV-B1, -B2
  Species: Boosepivirus ceovis, 1 type: BooV-C1
• 19. Diresapivirus, 2 species
  Species: Diresapivirus arhiferi, 1 type: diresapivirus (DirV)-A1
  Species: Diresapivirus benyvelu, 1 type: DirV-B1
• 20. Enterovirus, 15 species
  Species: Enterovirus alphacoxsackie, 25 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus alpharhino, 80 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus betacoxsackie, 65 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus betarhino, 30 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus cerhino, 57 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus coxsackiepol, 27 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus deconjuncti, 6 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus eibovi, 5 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus fitauri, 7 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus geswini, 20 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus hesimi, 1 type
  
  Species: Enterovirus idromi, 2 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus jesimi, 6 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus krodeni, 2 types
  
  Species: Enterovirus lesimi, 1 type
• 21. Felipivirus, 1 species
  Species: Felipivirus acati, 2 types: felipivirus (FelV)-A1, -A2
• 22. Parabovirus, 3 species
  Species: Parabovirus anorrati, 4 types: parabovirus (ParV)-A1 to -A4
  
  Species: Parabovirus bechstihams, 1 type: ParV-B1
  
  Species: Parabovirus chiwhibe, 1 type: ParV-C1
• 23. Rabovirus, 4 species
  Species: Rabovirus aneyoci, 5 types: rabovirus (RaBoV)-A1, -A2
  
  Species: Rabovirus begaschmo, 1 type: RaBoV-B1
  
  Species: Rabovirus cemarmo, 1 type: RaBoV-C1
  
  Species: Rabovirus dehomo, 1 type: RaBoV-D1
• 24. Sapelovirus, 2 species
  Species: Sapelovirus anglia, 1 type: porcine sapelovirus (PSV) [formerly porcine enterovirus 8]
  
  Species: Sapelovirus besimi, 3 types: simian sapelovirus (SSV)-1 to -3)

• Subfamily Heptrevirinae (formerly Supergroup 5)

  Genera:

  • 25. Caecilivirus, 1 species
    Species: Caecilivirus banna (1 type: caecilivirus (CaeV)-A1) [Guǎngdōng fish caecilians picornavirus]
  • 26. Crahelivirus, 1 species
    Species: Crahelivirus agapo (1 type: crahelivirus (CraV)-A1)
  • 27. Fipivirus, 6 species
    Species: Fipivirus acarpi, 1 type: fipivirus (FiV)-A1 [Wŭhàn sharpbelly picornavirus 2]
    
    Species: Fipivirus besharpi, 1 type: FiV-B1 [Wŭhàn sharpbelly picornavirus 3]
    
    Species: Fipivirus crosso, 1 type: FiV-C1 [Wēnlǐng crossorhombus picornavirus]
    
    Species: Fipivirus demackeri, 1 type: FiV-D1 [Wēnlǐng Jack mackerels picornavirus]
    
    Species: Fipivirus ebanjoi, 1 type: FiV-E1 [Wēnlǐng banjofish picornavirus 1]
    
    Species: Fipivirus fiperchi, 1 type: FiV-F1 [Wēnlǐng chelidoperca picornavirus]
    
  • 28. Gruhelivirus, 1 species
    Species: Gruhelivirus agrusa, 1 type: gruhelivirus (GruhV)-A1
  • 29. Hepatovirus, 9 species
    Species: Hepatovirus ahepa, 1 type: Hepatitis A virus (HAV), 2 biotypes: human hepatitis A virus, simian hepatitis A virus
    
    Species: Hepatovirus bephopi, 1 type: hepatovirus (Hep)-B1
    
    Species: Hepatovirus cemanavi, 1 type: Hep-C1
    
    Species: Hepatovirus devoli, 2 types: Hep-D1, -D2
    
    Species: Hepatovirus erebubrufu, 1 type: Hep-E1
    
    Species: Hepatovirus fejalco, 2 types: Hep-D1, -D2
    
    Species: Hepatovirus gafrisheta, 2 types: HepV-G1, -G2
    
    Species: Hepatovirus hedgi, 3 types: HepV-H1 to -H3
    
    Species: Hepatovirus ishrewi, 1 type: HepV-I1
  • 30. Rohelivirus, 1 species
    Species: Rohelivirus arodenti, 2 types: rohelivirus (RhelV)-A1, -A2
  • 31. Tremovirus, 2 species
    Species: Tremovirus aetrimori, 1 type: avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV)-1
  Species: Tremovirus beturtli, 2 types: tremovirus (TreV)-B1, -B2

• Subfamily Kodimesavirinae (formerly Supergroup 2)

  Genera:

  • 32. Danipivirus, 1 species
    Species: Danipivirus abrafi, 1 type: DaV-A1 [zebrafish picornavirus]
  • 33. Dicipivirus, 2 species
    Species: Cadicivirus acadici, 1 type: cadicivirus (CadV)-A1 [canine picodicistrovirus, CaPdV)
    
    Species: Cadicivirus berinro, 1 type: CadV-B1 [hedgehog dicipivirus]
  • 34. Gallivirus, 1 species
    Species: Gallivirus afowli, 2 types: gallivirus (GV)-A1, -2
  • 35. Hemipivirus, 1 species
    Species: Hemipivirus aholtge, 1 type: hemipivirus (HeV)-A1 [Hǎinán oriental leaf-toed gecko picornavirus]
  • 36. Kobuvirus, 6 species
    Species: Aichivirus aichi, 10 types: aichivirus (AiV)-A1 to -A10
    
    Species: Aichivirus bejaponia, 3 types: AiV-B1 to -B3
    
    Species: Aichivirus cebes, 2 types: AiV-C1, -C2
    
    Species: Aichivirus dekago, 2 types: AiV-D1, -D2
    
    Species: Aichivirus ecuni, 1 type: AiV-E1
    
    Species: Aichivirus femyomini, 2 types: AiV-F1, -F2
  • 37. Livupivirus, 1 species
    Species: Livupivirus asmonewi, 1 type: livupivirus (LiV)-A1
  • 38. Ludopivirus, 1 species
    Species: Ludopivirus agrewhifrogo, 1 type: ludopivirus (LuV)-A1
  • 39. Megrivirus, 5 species
    Species: Megrivirus aturhepa, 3 types: megrivirus (MeV)-A2, MeV-A3, MeV-B3_CP-A_Pol
    
    Species: Megrivirus berockdo, 2 types: MeV-B1, -B2
    
    Species: Megrivirus chigalli, 4 types: MeV-C1, -C2, -C3, MeV-A1_CP-C_pol [turkey hepatitis virus, THV]
    
    Species: Megrivirus deharri, 1 type: MeV-D1 [harrier megrivirus]
    
    Species: Megrivirus epengu, 1 type: MeV-E1 [penguin megrivirus]
  • 40. Myrropivirus, 1 species
    Species: Myrropivirus achiwas, 1 type: myrropivirus (MyrV)-A1 [Chinese water snake picornavirus]
  • 41. Oscivirus, 1 species
    Species: Oscivirus ahokorobi, 2 types: oscivirus (OsV)-A1 [formerly turdivirus 2], OsV-A2 [formerly turdivirus 3]
  • 42. Passerivirus, 2 species
    Species: Passerivirus ahokorobi, 1 type: passerivirus (PasV)-A1 [formerly turdivirus 1]
    
    Species: Passerivirus bewaxi, 1 type: PasV-B1 [waxbill passerivirus])
  • 43. Pemapivirus, 2 species
    Species: Pemapivirus achisotu (1 type: pemapivirus (PemV)-A1 [Chinese softshell turtle picornavirus])
    
    Species: Pemapivirus brohepotu (1 type: pemapivirus (PemV)-B1 [Chinese broad-headed pond turtle picornavirus])
  • 44. Poecivirus, 1 species
    Species: Poecivirus ablacachi, 1 type: poecivirus (PoeV)-A1
  • 45. Pygoscepivirus, 1 species
    Species: Pygoscepivirus apingu, 1 type: pygoscepivirus (PyV)-A1 [pinguvirus]
  • 46. Rafivirus, 3 species
    Species: Rafivirus atorti, 1 type: rafivirus (RafV)-A1
    
    Species: Rafivirus begecki, 1 type: RafV-B1
    
    Species: Rafivirus crhima, 1 type: RafV-C1 [rhimavirus]
  • 47. Rajidapivirus, 1 species
    Species: Rajidapivirus ashaska, 1 type: rajidapivirus (RajV)-A1 [Wēnlǐng sharspine skate picornavirus]
  • 48. Rosavirus, 3 species
    Species: Rosavirus acaliforni, 2 types: rosavirus (RoV)-A1, -A2
    
    Species: Rosavirus brorati, 2 types: RoV-B1, -B2
    
    Species: Rosavirus chewhibi, 4 types: RoV-C1, to -C4
  • 49. Sakobuvirus, 1 species
    Species: Sakobuvirus aportufeli, 1 type: sakobuvirus (SakV)-A1 [feline sakobuvirus]
  • 50. Salivirus, 1 species
    Species: Salivirus aklasse, 2 types: salivirus (SaV)-A1 [human klassevirus], SaV-A2
  • 51. Sicinivirus, 1 species
    Species: Sicinivirus ahiberni, 8 types: sicinivirus (SiV)-A1 to -A8
  • 52. Symapivirus, 1 species
    Species: Symapivirus atriliza, 1 type: symapivirus (SymV)-A1 [Wēnlǐng triplecross lizardfish picornavirus]
  • 53. Tropivirus, 2 species
    Species: Tropivirus awaski, 1 type: tropivirus (TroV)-A1 [Guǎngdōng Chinese water skink picornavirus]
    Species: Tropivirus betero, 1 type: tropivirus (TroV)-B1 [Yili teratoscincus roborowskii picornavirus 1]

• Subfamily Paavivirinae (formerly Supergroup 4)

  Genera:

  • 54. Aalivirus, 1 species
    Species: Aalivirus apekidu, 1 type: aalivirus (AaV)-A1 [duck aalivirus]
  • 55. Aquamavirus, 1 species
    Species: Aquamavirus apinni, 2 types: aquamavirus (AV)-A1 [seal aquamavirus], -A2 [bear aquamavirus])
  • 56. Avihepatovirus, 1 species
    Species: Avihepatovirus ahepati, 3 types: duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV)-1, DHAV-2, DHAV-3
  • 57. Avisivirus, 3 species
    Species: Avisivirus aturki, 1 type: avisivirus (AsV)-A1
    
    Species: Avisivirus begallu, 1 type: AsV-B1
    
    Species: Avisivirus cechici, 1 type: AsV-C1
  • 58. Crohivirus, 2 species
    Species: Crohivirus alermus, 1 type: crohivirus (CrV)-A1 [shrew crohivirus]
    
    Species: Crohivirus beidoli, 1 type: CrV-B1 [bat crohivirus]
  • 59. Grusopivirus, 3 species
    Species: Grusopivirus arecrocra, 2 types: grusopivirus (GrusV)-A1, -A2
    
    Species: Grusopivirus bechini, 1 types: grusopivirus (GrusV)-B1
    
    Species: Grusopivirus celori, 1 type: GrusV-C1
  • 60. Kunsagivirus, 3 species
    Species: Kunsagivirus agrepla, 1 type: kunsagivirus (KuV)-A1
    
    Species: Kunsagivirus bacameba, 1 type: bat kunsagivirus
    
    Species: Kunsagivirus cetanba, 1 type: bakunsavirus
  • 61. Limnipivirus, 4 species
    Species: Limnipivirus ablugi, 1 type: limnipivirus (LiV)-A1 [bluegill picornavirus]
    Species: Limnipivirus becarpi, 1 type: LiV-B1 [carp picornavirus]
    Species: Limnipivirus cefahemi, 1 type: LiV-C1 [fathead minnow picornavirus]
    Species: Limnipivirus disploca, 1 type: LiV-D1 [spotted longbarbel catfish picornavirus]
  • 62. Orivirus, 1 species
    Species: Orivirus aoroshaza, 2 types: orivirus (OrV)-A1, -A2
  • 63. Parechovirus, 6 species
    Species: Parechovirus ahumpari, 18 types: human parechovirus [HPeV]-1] to -19
    
    Species: Parechovirus beljungani, 6 types: Ljungan virus [LV]-1 to -6
    
    Species: Parechovirus cebokele, 1 type: Sebokele virus [SEBV])
    
    Species: Parechovirus deferreti, 1 type: ferret parechovirus [FePeV]
    Species: Parechovirus efalco, 1 type: falcon parechovirus [FaPeV]
    Species: Parechovirus feterobo, 1 type: gecko parechovirus [GPeV]
  • 64. Pasivirus, 1 species
    Species: Pasivirus agallia, 4 types: pasivirus (PaV)-A1 to -A4
  • 65. Potamipivirus, 2 species
    Species: Potamipivirus aconstanci, 1 type: potamipivirus (PoV)-A1 [eel picornavirus]
    
    Species: Potamipivirus balaski, 1 type: PoV-B1 [threespine stipleback picornavirus]
  • 66. Shanbavirus, 1 species
    Species: Shanbavirus aminfuli, 1 type: shanbavirus (ShV)-A1 [bat shanbavirus])

• Genera which are not assigned to a subfamily

  • 67. Ampivirus, 1 species
    Species: Ampivirus apilisi, 4 types: ampivirus (AmV)-A1 [newt ampivirus], -A4
  • 68. Harkavirus, 1 species
    Species: Harkavirus alfoldi, 1 type: harkavirus (HarV)-A1 [falcovirus]
  
  

Unassigned picornaviruses:

• Candidate of Caphthovirinae:
  Hāinán black-spectacled toad picornavirus [HKCCC24180]: MG600086
  Guăngxī Chinese leopard gecko picornavirus [LPXYC178088]: MG600088


• Candidate of Kodimesavirinae :
  Acocet megriviruses isolates MW11, MW12: MH453805, MH453806 (tentative Megrivirus E2)
  Wēnlǐng sharpspine skate picornavirus [DHBYCGS18742]: MG600093


• Candidate of Ensavirinae:
  Běihăi wrasse picornavirus [LXMC183013]: MG600073
  Tasmanian devil-associated sapelovirus wukalina/Tasmania/Sarcophilus harrisi/2017/DN125220 MK521918
  Avocet picornavirus B isolates MW14, MW15, MW16: MH453809, MH453810, MH453808


• Candidate of Paavivirinae:
  Běihăi conger picornavirus [BHFishC188617]: MG600065
  Wŭhàn carp picornavirus [DSYC18088]: MG600066
  Wŭhàn sharpbelly picornavirus 1 [DSYC20078]: MG600067
  Wēnlǐng rattails picornavirus [XYHYC192101]: MG600077
  Wēnlǐng fish picornavirus [XYHYC180303]: MG600078
  Wēnlǐng lepidotrigla picornavirus [YXMC111438]: MG600079
  Wēnlǐng thamnaconus septentrionalis picornavirus [LQMMT1208]: MG600080
  Wēnlǐng scaldfish picornavirus 1 [XDXMC49056]: MG600096
  Wēnlǐng scaldfish picornavirus 2 [XDXMC61459]: MG600097
  Yánchéng osbecks grenadier anchovy picornavirus [XFXMC15460]: MG600099
  v brownlined puffer picornavirus [XTXMC52149]: MG600100
  Wēnlǐng hoplichthys picornavirus [XYXMC41402]: MG600101
  Western African lungfish picornavirus [120546]: MG600102


• Candidate of Heptrevirinae:
  Avocet picornavirus isolate MW13 MH453807
  Didelphis aurita hepatitis A virus: MG181943 (tentative Hepatovirus F3)


• Bat picornavirus (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum picornavirus, RfPV-2) strain BtRf-PicoV-2/YN2012: KJ641684


• Fur seal picornavirus: KR106200-KR106204, KR162213, KR816215, KR337994, (Kluge et al. 2016. Metagenomic survey of viral diversity obtained from feces of subantarctic and South American fur seals. PLoS ONE 11 (3), E0151921)


• Guǎngdōng red-banded snake picornavirus [LPSG10844]: MG600082


• Fújiàn spotted paddle-tail newt picornavirus [BHNC6391]: MG600085


• Bat picornavirus BtRf-PicoV-2/YN2012: KJ641684


• Guăngxī changeable lizard picornavirus 1 [GXSXC128972]: MG600104


• Guăngxī Chinese leopard gecko picornavirus [LPXYC178088]: MG600088


• Mobovirus A [MBOVA]: MF370941

Compiled by Roland Zell
Copyright © 2004 - 2026 Roland Zell. All rights reserved.